What is Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation?

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a form of electroanalgesia. This term refers to the use of electrical stimulation to reduce chronic and acute pain. TENS therapy has been used to treat pain of many different types and causes, including arthritic pain, lower back pain, neurologic pan, and post-surgical pain.

A vast body of anecdotal evidence attests to the success of TENS therapy, and many clinical reports exist suggesting it is effective for pain management. However, few controlled clinical trials have been carried out, so many medical experts are skeptical that TENS is any more than a placebo. Despite this, TENS therapy is widely used, and is one of the few alternative therapies which has FDA approval.

The Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Unit

The TENS unit comprises a small battery-operated pack which is connected to several electrodes. The electrodes are placed on the skin at sites where pain is experienced. The frequency and intensity of electrical current can be adjusted as required.

The treatment is noninvasive and safe, and has been shown to reduce both acute and chronic pain. TENS therapy packs which can be used at home are available to consumers.

How does TENS Therapy Work?

Laboratory studies suggest that electrical nerve stimulation of the kind provided by TENS therapy reduces acute and chronic pain by limiting central transmission of pain signals.

This is medicated via activation of opioid receptors in the central nervous system, which serves to dampen pain signals. Low frequency TENS therapy has also been shown to activate serotonin receptors and stimulate the release of serotonin.

Safety Concerns

While the TENS unit and treatment is largely considered safe, there are some restrictions on use. The electrodes should never be placed in the mouth or near the eyes, should not be used on the temples, on the front of the neck, on broken skin, or on areas where sensation is decreased.

People with epilepsy and women who are pregnant should be cautious if using TENS. Pregnant women should never use the electrodes over the uterus. Anyone with a cardiac pacemaker should not use TENS therapy at all, as the electrical stimulation may cause the pacemaker to fail, potentially resulting in cardiac arrhythmia.

References

American Cancer Society: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Vladimir Kaye, MD. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation