Periodontal Disease: Causes and Treatments
Severity
The severity of periodontal disease will dictate the type of treatments that are used. Gingivitis is the mildest form of this condition. This causes the gums to bleed easily and swell, but can be reversed if oral hygiene is improved and treatment is sought from a dentist. Periodontitis is more serious. When plaque spreads below the gumline, the gums become very irritated. This causes them to swell, and may even cause the gums to recede. Tooth movement or loss can occur.
Causes
This condition is caused by several factors. Smoking or chewing tobacco can increase the risk of periodontal disease. Poor dental hygiene is also a risk factor for this disease. Improper blushing, failure to floss, and failure to get professional dental care can cause the gums to swell and bleed. Some medications, crooked teeth, and false teeth that do not fit properly also increase the risk of developing this condition.
Signs
Periodontal disease can progress quickly without showing any signs, so it’s important to get dental care at least once per year. The signs that do occur include chronic bad breath, loose teeth, swollen gums, easy bleeding of the gums, and changes in the way the teeth fit together when biting.
Treatment
Periodontal disease can be treated by a dental professional, but it requires followup on the part of the patient. Root planing can be used to smooth the surface of a tooth’s root, allowing gum tissue to repair itself. Scaling removes tartar and plaque below the gumline to improve bad breath and gum swelling. If infection develops, antibiotics are used to treat bacteria and improve the condition.
Prevention
Good oral hygiene can help to prevent periodontal disease. Brush your teeth with a toothbrush each day, and clean between the teeth with dental floss. Unwaxed dental floss removes more of the particles between the teeth, but may be uncomfortable for some users. Visit the dentist regularly and get a professional cleaning and dental evaluation. Your dentist will offer advice on taking proper care of your teeth and gums.